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Part One The United States3

Chapter Ⅰ．Geographical Features and Natural Resources3

1．Location and Geographical Divisions3

2．Climate7

3．Natural Resources9

Chapter Ⅱ．American Population16

1．Composition of the US Population16

2．Population Distribution20

3．Internal Migration22

Chapter Ⅲ．Discovery and Colonization of the New World27

1．American Indians and Great Discoveries27

2．Colonization of the New World30

3．Governmental and Social Structures of the 13 Colonies32

Chapter Ⅳ．American Revolution38

1．Britain s Policy to American Colonies38

2．The Road to the Revolution40

3．The Outbreak of War and the Second Continental Congress42

4．Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War43

Chapter Ⅴ．The Confederation and the Constitution49

1．Articles of Confederation49

2．Constitutional Convention50

3．Opinions on the Ratification Issue52

4．The New Government and the Louisiana Purchase53

5．The War of 181254

Chapter Ⅵ．American Expansion and the Civil War59

1．Monroe Doctrine59

2．Westward Movement60

3．Economic Antagonism Between North and South61

4．The Way to the Givil War63

5．Civil War65

Chapter Ⅶ．Reconstruction ant the Birth of US Imperialism72

1．Reconstruction in the South72

2．Becoming a Great Industrial Power76

3．Becoming an Imperial Power78

Chapter Ⅷ．World War I and the Depression83

1．World War I83

2．America s Entrance into the War84

3．Peace Conference of 191986

4．Era of Prosperity and the Coming of Great Depression88

5．Franklin Roosevelt and His New Deal90

Chapter Ⅸ．America During and After World War Ⅱ95

1．From Isolation to Intervention95

2．Important Conferences During World War Ⅱ98

3．The Cold War and Civil Rights Movement99

4．From Eisenhower to Clinton101

Chapter Ⅹ．The Federal System and Congress108

1．The Three Basic Principles of US Political System108

2．The Membership and Powers of Congress109

3．Leadership and Committees in Congress111

4．How a Bill Becomes a Law113

Chapter Ⅺ．The President and the Judiciary118

1．The President and His Powers118

2．The Organization of Executive Branch121

3．The Federal Court System122

4．The State Court System124

Chapter Ⅻ．Political Parties and Elections129

1．The Development of Political Parties129

2．The Structure and Function of Political Parties130

3．Differences Between Democrats and Republicans132

4．Voting and Elections133

5．Electing President135

ChapterⅩⅢ．American Education140

1．Introduction140

2．Elementary and Secondary Education141

3．Higher Education143

ChapterⅩⅣ．The Mass Media151

1．Evolution of Newspapers and Magazines151

2．Radio and Television155

3．The Information Highway157

ChapterⅩⅤ．American Family and Character161

1．American Family161

2．American Character and Customs164

Part Two The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland173

Chapter Ⅰ．Geographical Features and Natural Resources173

1．Geographical Features173

2．Climate177

3．Rivers and Lakes178

4．Natural Resources179

Chapter Ⅱ．Population of the United Kingdom184

1．The English184

2．The Welsh186

3．The Scots187

4．The Irish189

5．Immigrants190

Chapter Ⅲ．The Origins of a Nation195

1．Early Settlement195

2．Roman Britain196

3．Anglo-Saxon Times197

4．The Danish Invasion199

5．The Normans202

Chapter Ⅳ．Feudal England209

1．Consolidation of Monarchy209

2．The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament212

3．The Hundred Years War215

4．The Black Death and Peasant Uprising217

5．The Wars of the Roses219

Chapter Ⅴ．England Under the Tudors225

1．The Consolidation of New Monarchy225

2．Reformation227

3．Elizabeth I230

4．The English Renaissance232

Chapter Ⅵ．The Bourgeois Revolution240

1．The Absolute Rule of the Stuarts240

2．The Civil Wars244

3．The Commonwealth246

4．The Restoration and the “Glorious Revolution”248

Chapter Ⅶ．Hanoverian England and Industrial Revolution255

1．The Georges255

2．Industrial Revolution256

3．The chartist Movement259

4．Cultural Results of the Industrial Revolution261

Chapter Ⅷ．Party Politics and Colonial Expansion267

1．Party Politics and Reforms267

2．Trade Unions and the Labour Party269

3．Colonial Expansion271

Chapter Ⅸ．Britain in the Two World Wars279

1．Britain and World War I279

2．Britain Between the Two Wars281

3．Britain and World War Ⅱ283

4．The Postwar Britain284

Chapter Ⅹ．British Monarchy and Government293

1．The Monarchy293

2．The Executive and Administration296

3．The Privy Council298

4．Local Government300

Chapter Ⅺ．Parliament and Judicial System306

1．The House of Lords306

2．The House of Commons308

3．The Passage of Bills311

4．The Judicial System313

Chapter Ⅻ．Political Parties and Election320

1．The Development of Parties320

2．The Conservative Party321

3．The Labour Party322

4．The Liberal and Other Minor Parties323

5．Election325

ChapterⅩⅢ．Education331

1．Provisions of Education331

2．Primary Education333

3．Secondary Education335

4．Independent Schools337

5．Higher Education338

ChapterⅩⅣ．Mass Media346

1．Broadcasting346

2．Newspapers and Magazines349

ChapterⅩⅤ．British Family Life,Character and Customs357

1．Marriage357

2．Meals and Drinks359

3．Social Contact361

4．Conservatism and Temperament361

5．Privacy365

6．Customs Connected with the King or Queen365

Appendixes370

Appendix Ⅰ Admission of States to the Union370

Appendix Ⅱ The US Presidents372

Appendix Ⅲ Population of the United States374

Appendix Ⅳ Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom375

Appendix Ⅴ English and British Monarchs378

References382